Ranking the top 5 greatest carbon emitting countries

1. China

China is currently the greatest annual emitter of carbon dioxide (CO₂) globally, primarily due to its massive reliance on coal to power its rapidly expanding economy, coupled with a huge population and its role as the world's manufacturing hub.

Here are the key factors contributing to China's leading position in annual CO₂ emissions:

Industrial Structure and Coal Dominance

The single largest factor is China's energy mix, which is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, particularly coal.

Coal-Intensive Economy:

China uses coal for a significant portion of its total energy consumption, especially in power generation.

As the world's largest coal consumer and producer, the burning of coal is the primary source of its CO2 emissions.

Rapid Industrialization:

China's rapid economic growth, which has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty, has been fueled by heavy industries like steel and cement production.

These processes are energy-intensive and release large amounts of CO₂, contributing to a high carbon intensity in the economy.

"Factory of the World":

China is the world's largest exporter of manufactured goods. The production of these goods generates significant CO2 emissions.

Some analyses suggest that a portion of these emissions should be attributed to the consuming countries that import the final products.

The sheer size of China's economy and population amplifies the environmental impact of its economic activities.

* Total Emissions vs. Per Capita:

While China's total annual emissions are the highest in the world, its per capita emissions (emissions per person) are still significantly lower than those of many developed nations, such as the United States. However, the sheer size of its 1.4+ billion population means that even a moderate per capita emission rate results in a massive overall national total.

Urbanization and Infrastructure:

Continuous and rapid urbanization and large-scale infrastructure development require vast amounts of steel, cement, and energy, driving up emissions.

China's Population

China's current population, which is the massive base for its economy and emissions, is approximately 1.41 to 1.42 billion people as for 2025 to 2026. which is roughly 17% of the total world population and the second largest populated country, this population has contributed to the huge emissions of CO₂

2. United States of America (USA)

Why the USA emits so much carbon and greenhouse gases

Heavy reliance on fossil fuels for energy

Most of the USA's energy — for electricity, heating, industry, and more — still comes from fossil fuels: coal, oil, natural gas.

Because burning fossil fuels produces large amounts of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases, this dependence makes overall emissions very high.

In fact, around 74% of the USA's human-caused greenhouse gas emissions stem from fossil fuel combustion.

Large size, population and high consumption per capita

The USA is a very large and economically advanced country. Its high standards of living, widespread industrial activity, and heavy consumption (energy, goods, travel, services) lead to large per-person emissions.

Because many people use electricity, drive cars, fly planes, run heating/cooling systems, and consume manufactured goods, total emissions accumulate rapidly.

Transportation habits and infrastructure

Transportation alone is one of the biggest sources of emissions in the USA: personal vehicles, freight trucks, air travel, shipping — all burning fossil fuels.

Sprawling urban planning, long commutes, reliance on cars rather than public transport, and high volumes of goods transport contribute to high CO₂ output globally.

Industrial and manufacturing activities

The USA has a large industrial base — manufacturing, heavy industry, chemical production, refinement, etc.

Industrial processes (both direct fuel combustion and electricity use) account for a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions.

Even as some sectors shift energy sources, the scale of industry keeps emissions substantial.

3. India

Why India's Emissions Are So High

Very large population + rising energy demand

India has a huge and growing population, which means massive demand for energy, housing, transport, industry, and infrastructure.

With more people — and many striving for better living standards — total energy consumption rises enormously, driving up aggregate emissions.

Even if emissions per capita are modest compared with some rich countries, when multiplied by over a billion people, the total becomes very large.

Heavy reliance on fossil-fuel based energy (especially coal)

A major share of India's electricity and heat is generated by coal-fired power plants — coal remains the backbone of its energy supply.

Because coal combustion releases large amounts of CO₂ (and other pollutants), the dominance of coal makes India's overall emissions huge.

Rapid industrialization and growth of heavy industries

India's industrial sector — including steel, cement, manufacturing, chemicals, aluminum, etc. — has expanded quickly in recent decades.

These industries tend to be energy-intensive and often still rely on fossil fuels or inefficient technology.

For example, steel and cement production are especially large contributors to GHG emissions and pollution, because of the energy-intensive processes and fossil-fuel use.

Fast urbanization and infrastructure growth

With cities growing rapidly and new housing, roads, factories, and services being built, demand for construction materials (cement, steel), energy for buildings, transport, and industry rises.

This surge in urbanization adds significantly to emissions.

Also, more vehicles, more freight transport, and growing consumption of energy in homes and industry all add up at national scale.

Emissions from agriculture, land-use, and non-energy sectors

Beyond energy and industry, sectors like agriculture, livestock, and land-use change also contribute to greenhouse gases.

Emissions of methane (from agriculture and livestock) and nitrous oxide — plus deforestation or loss of natural land — add to the national emissions footprint.

So India's emissions are not just from coal or factories — multiple economic and social activities add cumulatively.

Important Context: Per Capita vs.Total Emissions & Development Challenges

Even though India is the third-largest emitter in the world in absolute terms, its per-person emissions remain among the lowest compared with many developed countries.

The high emissions largely come from trying to meet the energy and development needs of a large population — providing electricity, education, transport, housing, industry and livelihoods.

4. Russia

Why Russia's Emissions Are So High

Heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy production

The bulk of Russia's greenhouse-gas emissions come from its energy sector — electricity and heat generation, fossil-fuel extraction, processing, and the like.

This sector alone accounts for about 89% of the country's total GHG emissions.

Russia's energy system remains heavily based on oil, natural gas, and coal; these fossil fuels continue to dominate power generation and industrial energy use rather than low-carbon or renewable sources.

Large emissions from fossil-fuel extraction and gas/oil industry (including leaks and flaring)

Beyond simply burning fossil fuels, Russia produces large emissions from extraction, refining, transport, and associated processes.

For example, operations in the upstream oil and gas industry produce significant emissions of CO₂ and methane (a potent greenhouse gas), from leaks, venting or flaring.

Because Russia is a major global producer and exporter of natural gas, oil, and coal, the scale of these operations greatly increases its carbon and greenhouse-gas footprint compared to smaller or less fossil-fuel–intensive economies.

Industrial production and manufacturing demand

Russia's industrial sector — heavy industry, manufacturing, materials processing — contributes significantly to emissions.

Industries often rely on energy-intensive processes and use fossil fuels both directly (fuel, heat) and indirectly (electricity).

Given the size of Russia's economy and industrial base, industrial emissions add up substantially, increasing the country's overall contribution to global pollution.

High per-person carbon output relative to many countries

According to recent data, Russia's per-person emissions remain fairly high compared with global averages: in 2022, around 13.1 tonnes CO₂ per person.

This reflects a combination of energy-intensive infrastructure, dependence on fossil fuels for heating/industry/transport, and widespread fossil-fuel use — meaning that not just absolute emissions but average personal "carbon footprint" are significant.

Methane emissions:

Russia emits not only CO₂ but also large amounts of methane — especially from gas/oil extraction, leaks, flaring — which is a powerful greenhouse gas.

What the Numbers Show

In 2022, Russia emitted about 1.9 billion tonnes CO₂ (fossil-fuel origin) — which represented roughly 5% of global CO₂ emissions.

Its per-capita emissions (≈ 13.1 t CO₂/person) are higher than many average or developing countries, showing that on an individual basis— across the population — the average Russian emits more than many others.

A majority of its greenhouse-gas emissions (≈ 69-70%) come from CO₂, but a significant portion also comes from methane and other gases — meaning the environmental impact is broader than CO₂ alone.

5. Japan

Why Japan has high pollution / emissions

Heavy reliance on fossil fuels for energy

Most of Japan's greenhouse-gas emissions come from its energy-production sector.

In 2022, about 87% of its GHG emissions were linked to energy production and use — the highest share among OECD countries.

Japan relies strongly on imported fossil fuels (natural gas, coal, oil) because it has very limited domestic fossil-energy resources.

Even though renewables are growing, fossil-fuel based thermal power (coal, gas, oil) continues to supply a large portion of electricity — especially after the decrease in nuclear power generation following the 2011 nuclear accident.

Large industrial base and energy-intensive manufacturing sector

Industry and manufacturing in Japan consume a lot of energy, and energy-intensive manufacturing processes contribute significantly to CO₂ emissions.

Because Japan is a major exporter of manufactured goods (cars, electronics, machinery, etc.), the demand for electricity and energy in factories remains very high — driving overall national emissions.

High overall energy consumption per capita and high standard of living

As a developed country with high consumption, many households, businesses, and public infrastructures use substantial energy — heating, cooling, transport, production, goods, services.
This overall high energy demand contributes to higher emissions.

Although per-person emissions have decreased in recent years, because of the size of the economy and population, total emissions remain large.

Energy mix issues and dependency on energy imports

Japan lacks vast domestic fossil-fuel resources, and so depends heavily on imported energy (oil, natural gas, coal).

This dependency means Japan's energy supply — and hence emissions — are shaped by global fuel markets, geopolitical cost and availability rather than solely domestic renewable capacity.

What the Numbers Show

According to recent data, Japan emitted around 1.08 billion tons of CO₂ (fossil origin) in 2022.

The "energy production and use" sector remains responsible for the vast majority of emissions (≈ 87%).

Manufacturing / industrial activities — especially energy-intensive industries — represent a substantial portion of those emissions.

Ranking the top 5 countries with the lowest carbon emitting

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) Extremely low per-person CO₂ emissions (almost negligible) Very low industrialization and energy consumption, small per-capita carbon use.

Somalia Very low per-capita emissions (~ 40 kg CO₂/person per year in 2019) Low overall energy consumption and limited heavy industry.

Burundi Among the lowest globally — low total emissions and tiny CO₂ per-capita output Limited infrastructure, little heavy industry, low per-person energy use.

Chad Very low per-capita CO₂ emissions (~ 60 kg per person per year) Low industrial activity and energy consumption per person.

Central African Republic Among the lowest per-capita CO₂ emitters globally (~ 60 kg/year) Very low energy consumption and minimal industrial emissions.

Important Context & Caveats

Many of the lowest-emission countries are low-income or developing countries — their low emissions come in part from lack of industrialization, lower energy use per person, and lower consumption levels.

Low emissions per capita do not always reflect a "green lifestyle" by choice — often they reflect limited access to electricity, infrastructure, and modern conveniences.

Focusing only on "lowest CO₂ output per person" doesn't capture other important environmental factors: e.g. deforestation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, waste management — which may still be serious even if CO₂ output is low.

Rank the 5 Most Affected Countries Due to Global Warming and Carbon Emissions

Global warming and rising carbon emissions have disproportionately affected certain countries due to their geographical location, economic conditions, population density, and limited adaptive capacity. The five most-affected countries are listed below.

1. Dominica (1st)

Dominica is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world.

Its small island geography places it directly in the path of powerful Atlantic hurricanes.

Extreme weather events, particularly Category-5 storms, have repeatedly destroyed large portions of the island's infrastructure, often exceeding its annual GDP.

Sea-level rise further threatens coastal settlements.

Because the island has limited economic resources for recovery, even a single event results in long-term national disruption.

2. Myanmar (2nd)

Myanmar experiences severe climate impacts due to cyclones, intense flooding, and heavy monsoon rainfall. A large part of the population lives in high-risk low-lying areas along river basins.

Weak infrastructure, limited disaster-response systems, and political instability contribute to high mortality rates and economic damage.

The country's low adaptive capacity makes climate events more destructive and long-lasting.

3. Honduras (3rd)

Honduras lies in a region frequently hit by hurricanes originating from the Caribbean.

Heavy rainfall triggers landslides, flash floods, and destruction of agricultural land.

As a lower-income nation with widespread rural poverty, rebuilding after disasters is slow and incomplete.

Climate-sensitive sectors like farming and fisheries suffer repeated losses, increasing vulnerability year after year.

4. China (4th)

Although China is a major emitter, it is also one of the most severely affected by climate change impacts.

Its vast population and diverse geography expose it to almost all types of climate hazards—including heatwaves, droughts, floods, and coastal storms.

The scale of its urban areas and industries means that climate disasters result in extremely high economic losses, displacement of people, and increasing pressure on natural resources.

5. India (5th)

India faces multiple climate risks: extreme heatwaves, erratic monsoons, severe floods, prolonged droughts, and frequent cyclones.

With a very large population and high dependence on agriculture, even minor climate variations affect millions of people.

Sea-level rise threatens coastal cities, while rising temperatures have intensified water scarcity and health impacts.

Limited infrastructure in rural regions adds to the country's vulnerability.

Tuvalu

Most Affected Animal: Seabird colonies

Why: Sea level rise inundating nesting islands

Population Before: Important nesting sites

Projected Population: Many islands becoming uninhabitable

Citation: Hatfield, J.S. et al. (2012). Population dynamics of seabirds in the Pacific Islands. Pacific Science.

Afghanistan

Most Affected Animal: Snow Leopard

Why: Habitat loss due to climate change and human encroachment

Population Before: Approximately 3,500-7,000 worldwide (2000)

Projected Population: Estimated to decline by 20% by 2040

Citation: Snow Leopard Trust. (2023). Snow Leopard Population Status. Retrieved from https://www.snowleopard.org

Albania

Most Affected Animal: Eurasian Lynx

Why: Forest fragmentation and prey reduction due to changing climate

Population Before: Approximately 80-100 in Albania (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 30% by 2035

Citation: IUCN Red List. (2023). Lynx lynx (Eurasian Lynx) Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org

Algeria

Most Affected Animal: Saharan Cheetah

Why: Desert expansion and water scarcity

Population Before: Approximately 250 in the Sahara (2000)

Projected Population: Less than 50 by 2030

Citation: Belbachir, F. (2009). Acintonyx jubatus hecki Population Status in the Sahara. Journal of Arid Environments.

Andorra

Most Affected Animal: Pyrenean Chamois

Why: Alpine habitat loss due to rising temperatures

Population Before: Approximately 25,000 in Pyrenees (1990)

Projected Population: May decline by 40% by 2050

Citation: Herrero, J. et al. (2021). Climate Change Impacts on Pyrenean Chamois. Mammalian Biology.

Angola

Most Affected Animal: African Forest Elephant

Why: Habitat loss and increased human-wildlife conflict

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 in Central Africa (1970)

Projected Population: Down to 40,000 by 2030

Citation: Maisels, F. et al. (2013). Devastating Decline of Forest Elephants in Central Africa. PLOS ONE.

Antigua and Barbuda

Most Affected Animal: Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Why: Beach erosion and rising sea temperatures affecting nesting

Population Before: Approximately 15,000 nesting females worldwide (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 80% by 2040

Citation: Mortimer, J.A. & Donnelly, M. (2008). Eretmochelys imbricata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Argentina

Most Affected Animal: Jaguar

Why: Deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 400,000 historically (1900)

Projected Population: Less than 15,000 by 2030

Citation: Quigley, H. et al. (2017). Panthera onca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Armenia

Most Affected Animal: Armenian Mouflon

Why: Grassland degradation and water scarcity

Population Before: Approximately 3,000 (1990)

Projected Population: May drop below 500 by 2030

Citation: Weinberg, P. (2020). Ovis orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Australia

Most Affected Animal: Koala

Why: Bushfires, habitat loss, and heat stress

Population Before: Approximately 8 million (1788)

Projected Population: Could be functionally extinct by 2050

Citation: Australian Koala Foundation. (2022). The Koala Conservation Status Report.

Austria

Most Affected Animal: Alpine Ibex

Why: Shrinking alpine habitats and disease spread

Population Before: Approximately 40,000 in Alps (1950)

Projected Population: Expected to decline by 30% by 2040

Citation: Aulagnier, S. et al. (2020). Capra ibex. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Azerbaijan

Most Affected Animal: Caucasian Leopard

Why: Habitat fragmentation and prey depletion

Population Before: Approximately 1,300 in Caucasus (1950)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: Stein, A.B. et al. (2020). Panthera pardus saxicolor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bahamas

Most Affected Animal: Bahamian Rock Iguana

Why: Rising sea levels and invasive species

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 70% by 2040

Citation: Knapp, C.R. et al. (2011). Cyclura rileyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bahrain

Most Affected Animal: Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Why: Coastal development and coral reef degradation

Population Before: Regular nesting sites now mostly lost

Projected Population: Local extinction likely by 2030

Citation: Mortimer, J.A. & Donnelly, M. (2008). Eretmochelys imbricata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bangladesh

Most Affected Animal: Bengal Tiger

Why: Sea level rise in Sundarbans mangrove forests

Population Before: Approximately 440 in Sundarbans (2004)

Projected Population: Could drop to 20 by 2070

Citation: Goodrich, J. et al. (2015). Panthera tigris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Barbados

Most Affected Animal: Green Monkey

Why: Habitat loss and freshwater scarcity

Population Before: Approximately 15,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Expected to decline by 50% by 2040

Citation: Kingdon, J. et al. (2008). Chlorocebus sabaeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Belarus

Most Affected Animal: European Bison

Why: Changing forest ecosystems and disease spread

Population Before: Nearly extinct in 1920s, now 1,800

Projected Population: Stable but vulnerable to climate impacts

Citation: Plumb, G. et al. (2020). Bison bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Belgium

Most Affected Animal: European Hedgehog

Why: Urbanization and pesticide use reducing insect prey

Population Before: Approximately 1.5 million in UK (1950)

Projected Population: Down 30% in last decade, continuing decline

Citation: Amori, G. (2016). Erinaceus europaeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Belize

Most Affected Animal: Baird's Tapir

Why: Deforestation and extreme weather events

Population Before: Approximately 5,500 in Central America (1990)

Projected Population: May decline by 50% by 2035

Citation: Garcìa, M. et al. (2016). Tapirus bairdii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Benin

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Desertification and water source depletion

Population Before: Approximately 1.3 million in Africa (1970)

Projected Population: Down to 415,000 currently, continuing decline

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta africana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bhutan

Most Affected Animal: Red Panda

Why: Bamboo forest changes and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 worldwide (1990)

Projected Population: May decline by 50% by 2050

Citation: Glatston, A. et al. (2015). Ailurus fulgens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bolivia

Most Affected Animal: Andean Bear (Spectacled Bear)

Why: Cloud forest habitat loss and food source reduction

Population Before: Approximately 18,000 in Andes (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 30% by 2040

Citation: Velez-Liendo, X. & García-Rangel, S. (2018). Tremarctos ornatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Most Affected Animal: Brown Bear

Why: Forest habitat changes and food availability reduction

Population Before: Approximately 900 in Balkans (1990)

Projected Population: Expected to decline by 40% by 2050

Citation: Huber, Đ. & Kusak, J. (2020). Brown Bear Population Dynamics in the Dinaric-Pindos Region. Ursus.

Botswana

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Water scarcity and increased human-wildlife conflict

Population Before: Approximately 130,000 in Botswana (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 30% by 2035

Citation: Chase, M.J. et al. (2016). Continent-wide Survey Reveals Massive Decline in African Savannah Elephants. PeerJ.

Brazil

Most Affected Animal: Jaguar

Why: Amazon deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 170,000 historically in Amazon

Projected Population: Less than 15,000 by 2030

Citation: de la Torre, J.A. et al. (2017). The Jaguar's Spots are Darker than They Appear: Assessing the Global Conservation Status of the Jaguar. Oryx.

Brunei

Most Affected Animal: Proboscis Monkey

Why: Mangrove forest loss and habitat degradation

Population Before: Approximately 1,000 in Brunei (1990)

Projected Population: May decline by 60% by 2040

Citation: Meijaard, E. & Nijman, V. (2008). Nasalis larvatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Bulgaria

Most Affected Animal: Balkan Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and prey reduction

Population Before: Approximately 20-40 in Balkans (2000)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Melovski, D. et al. (2018). Distribution and Conservation Status of the Balkan Lynx in the Balkans. CATnews Special Issue.

Burkina Faso

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Desertification and water source depletion

Population Before: Approximately 3,500 in West Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 500 by 2030

Citation: Bouché, P. et al. (2011). Will Elephants Soon Disappear from West African Savannahs?. PLOS ONE.

Burundi

Most Affected Animal: Mountain Gorilla

Why: Habitat loss and human encroachment

Population Before: Approximately 880 in Virunga region (2010)

Projected Population: Vulnerable to future declines

Citation: Hickey, J.R. et al. (2019). Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Protected Area Mountain Gorillas. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Cabo Verde

Most Affected Animal: Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Why: Beach erosion and rising sea temperatures

Population Before: Important nesting site, thousands annually

Projected Population: Nesting sites declining rapidly

Citation: Casale, P. & Tucker, A.D. (2017). Caretta caretta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Cambodia

Most Affected Animal: Asian Elephant

Why: Deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Cambodia (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400 by 2030

Citation: Williams, C. et al. (2020). Elephas maximus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Cameroon

Most Affected Animal: Cross River Gorilla

Why: Deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 300 (2000)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: Oates, J.F. et al. (2016). Gorilla gorilla ssp. diehli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Canada

Most Affected Animal: Polar Bear

Why: Arctic ice melt reducing hunting grounds

Population Before: Approximately 25,000 worldwide (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 30% by 2050

Citation: Wiig, Ø. et al. (2015). Ursus maritimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Central African Republic

Most Affected Animal: African Forest Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 80,000 in CAR (1980)

Projected Population: Less than 5,000 by 2030

Citation: Maisels, F. et al. (2013). Devastating Decline of Forest Elephants in Central Africa. PLOS ONE.

Chad

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Desertification and water scarcity

Population Before: Approximately 23,000 in Chad (1970)

Projected Population: Less than 1,000 by 2030

Citation: Bouché, P. et al. (2012). Will Elephants Soon Disappear from West African Savannahs? PLOS ONE.

Chile

Most Affected Animal: Huemul (South Andean Deer)

Why: Habitat loss and climate change impacts

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 50% by 2040

Citation: Vila, A. et al. (2019). Hippocamelus bisulcus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

China

Most Affected Animal: Giant Panda

Why: Bamboo forest changes and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 1,100 in wild (1990)

Projected Population: Improved but still vulnerable

Citation: Swaisgood, R. et al. (2018). Ailuropoda melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Colombia

Most Affected Animal: Andean Condor

Why: Habitat loss and food source reduction

Population Before: Approximately 150 in Colombia (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Vultur gryphus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Comoros

Most Affected Animal: Livingstone's Fruit Bat

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 1,200 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400 by 2030

Citation: Sewall, B.J. et al. (2016). Pteropus livingstonii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Costa Rica

Most Affected Animal: Jaguar

Why: Deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Central America (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 300 by 2030

Citation: Quigley, H. et al. (2017). Panthera onca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Croatia

Most Affected Animal: Eurasian Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and prey reduction

Population Before: Approximately 40-60 in Croatia (1990)

Projected Population: Critically low, near extinction

Citation: Kaczensky, P. et al. (2013). Status, Management and Distribution of Large Carnivores in Europe. European Commission.

Cuba

Most Affected Animal: Cuban Crocodile

Why: Habitat loss and sea level rise

Population Before: Approximately 3,000-5,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 50% by 2040

Citation: Targarona, R.R. et al. (2008). Crocodylus rhombifer. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Cyprus

Most Affected Animal: Mediterranean Monk Seal

Why: Coastal development and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 600-700 in Mediterranean (1950)

Projected Population: Less than 700 worldwide now

Citation: Karamanlidis, A.A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). Monachus monachus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Czech Republic

Most Affected Animal: Eurasian Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and road mortality

Population Before: Approximately 100 in Czech Republic (2000)

Projected Population: Small and fragmented populations

Citation: Anděra, M. & Červený, J. (2018). Large Carnivores in the Czech Republic. Ministry of Environment.

DR Congo

Most Affected Animal: Eastern Lowland Gorilla

Why: Deforestation and civil unrest affecting habitats

Population Before: Approximately 17,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 3,800 by 2030

Citation: Plumptre, A.J. et al. (2016). Gorilla beringei graueri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Denmark

Most Affected Animal: European Eel

Why: Changing ocean currents and temperatures affecting migration

Population Before: Millions historically in European rivers

Projected Population: Declined by 90% since 1980, continuing decline

Citation: Jacoby, D. & Gollock, M. (2014). Anguilla anguilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Djibouti

Most Affected Animal: Dorcas Gazelle

Why: Desertification and water scarcity

Population Before: Approximately 35,000 in Horn of Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Declining rapidly due to habitat loss

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Gazella dorcas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Dominica

Most Affected Animal: Imperial Amazon (Sisserou Parrot)

Why: Hurricanes and habitat destruction

Population Before: Approximately 250-350 (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, less than 200

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Amazona imperialis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Dominican Republic

Most Affected Animal: Hispaniolan Solenodon

Why: Deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Already rare, exact numbers unknown

Projected Population: Continuing decline in fragmented habitats

Citation: Turvey, S.T. & Incháustegui, S. (2018). Solenodon paradoxus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Ecuador

Most Affected Animal: Andean Condor

Why: Habitat loss and food source reduction

Population Before: Approximately 100 in Ecuador (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Vultur gryphus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Egypt

Most Affected Animal: Nile Crocodile

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Widespread throughout Nile (historical)

Projected Population: Severely reduced, only in protected areas

Citation: IUCN SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. (1996). Crocodylus niloticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

El Salvador

Most Affected Animal: Central American River Turtle

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Common in Central American rivers (1950)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Vogt, R.C. et al. (2006). Dermatemys mawii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Equatorial Guinea

Most Affected Animal: Western Lowland Gorilla

Why: Deforestation for palm oil plantations

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 in Central Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 60% in 25 years

Citation: Maisels, F. et al. (2018). Gorilla gorilla gorilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Eritrea

Most Affected Animal: African Wild Ass

Why: Desertification and competition with livestock

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Horn of Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400 by 2030

Citation: Moehlman, P.D. et al. (2015). Equus africanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Estonia

Most Affected Animal: European Mink

Why: Habitat loss and competition with American mink

Population Before: Widespread in Europe (1900)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, less than 100 in Estonia

Citation: Maran, T. et al. (2016). Mustela lutreola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Eswatini

Most Affected Animal: White Rhinoceros

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 18,000 in Southern Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to poaching pressure

Citation: Emslie, R. (2020). Ceratotherium simum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Ethiopia

Most Affected Animal: Ethiopian Wolf

Why: Habitat loss and disease from domestic dogs

Population Before: Approximately 500 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 250 by 2030

Citation: Marino, J. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). Canis simensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Fiji

Most Affected Animal: Fiji Crested Iguana

Why: Habitat destruction and invasive species

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 1,000 by 2030

Citation: Fisher, R. & Grant, T. (2012). Brachylophus vitiensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Finland

Most Affected Animal: Saimaa Ringed Seal

Why: Reduced ice cover and snow for breeding

Population Before: Approximately 180 (1990)

Projected Population: Around 400 currently, but vulnerable to warming

Citation: Kovacs, K.M. et al. (2016). Pusa hispida saimensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

France

Most Affected Animal: European Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and road mortality

Population Before: Approximately 120 in French Alps (2000)

Projected Population: Small and vulnerable population

Citation: Kaczensky, P. et al. (2013). Status, Management and Distribution of Large Carnivores in Europe. European Commission.

Gabon

Most Affected Animal: African Forest Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 in Gabon (2000)

Projected Population: Declined by 80% in some areas

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta cyclotis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Gambia

Most Affected Animal: West African Manatee

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Unknown but declining throughout range

Projected Population: Critically endangered in region

Citation: Keith Diagne, L. (2015). Trichechus senegalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Georgia

Most Affected Animal: Caucasian Tur

Why: Habitat loss and human disturbance

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in Caucasus (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to climate and human pressure

Citation: Weinberg, P. (2020). Capra caucasica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Germany

Most Affected Animal: European Hamster

Why: Agricultural intensification and habitat loss

Population Before: Common agricultural pest (1950)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Banaszek, A. et al. (2020). Cricetus cricetus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Ghana

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Deforestation and human-wildlife conflict

Population Before: Approximately 1,200 in Ghana (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 200 by 2030

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta africana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Greece

Most Affected Animal: Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Why: Beach development and climate change affecting nesting

Population Before: Important nesting sites in Mediterranean

Projected Population: Nesting success declining

Citation: Casale, P. (2015). Caretta caretta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Grenada

Most Affected Animal: Grenada Dove

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Approximately 180 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Leptotila wellsi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guatemala

Most Affected Animal: Resplendent Quetzal

Why: Cloud forest habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 50,000 in Central America (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to habitat fragmentation

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Pharomachrus mocinno. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guinea

Most Affected Animal: Western Chimpanzee

Why: Deforestation and mining activities

Population Before: Approximately 21,000 in Guinea (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 80% in 25 years

Citation: Humle, T. et al. (2016). Pan troglodytes ssp. verus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guinea-Bissau

Most Affected Animal: African Manatee

Why: Coastal development and bycatch

Population Before: Unknown but declining throughout range

Projected Population: Critically endangered in region

Citation: Keith Diagne, L. (2015). Trichechus senegalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

El Salvador

Most Affected Animal: Central American River Turtle

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Common in Central American rivers (1950)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Vogt, R.C. et al. (2006). Dermatemys mawii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Equatorial Guinea

Most Affected Animal: Western Lowland Gorilla

Why: Deforestation for palm oil plantations

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 in Central Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 60% in 25 years

Citation: Maisels, F. et al. (2018). Gorilla gorilla gorilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Eritrea

Most Affected Animal: African Wild Ass

Why: Desertification and competition with livestock

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Horn of Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400 by 2030

Citation: Moehlman, P.D. et al. (2015). Equus africanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Estonia

Most Affected Animal: European Mink

Why: Habitat loss and competition with American mink

Population Before: Widespread in Europe (1900)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, less than 100 in Estonia

Citation: Maran, T. et al. (2016). Mustela lutreola. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Eswatini

Most Affected Animal: White Rhinoceros

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 18,000 in Southern Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to poaching pressure

Citation: Emslie, R. (2020). Ceratotherium simum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Ethiopia

Most Affected Animal: Ethiopian Wolf

Why: Habitat loss and disease from domestic dogs

Population Before: Approximately 500 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 250 by 2030

Citation: Marino, J. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). Canis simensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Fiji

Most Affected Animal: Fiji Crested Iguana

Why: Habitat destruction and invasive species

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 1,000 by 2030

Citation: Fisher, R. & Grant, T. (2012). Brachylophus vitiensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Finland

Most Affected Animal: Saimaa Ringed Seal

Why: Reduced ice cover and snow for breeding

Population Before: Approximately 180 (1990)

Projected Population: Around 400 currently, but vulnerable to warming

Citation: Kovacs, K.M. et al. (2016). Pusa hispida saimensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

France

Most Affected Animal: European Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and road mortality

Population Before: Approximately 120 in French Alps (2000)

Projected Population: Small and vulnerable population

Citation: Kaczensky, P. et al. (2013). Status, Management and Distribution of Large Carnivores in Europe. European Commission.

Gabon

Most Affected Animal: African Forest Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 in Gabon (2000)

Projected Population: Declined by 80% in some areas

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta cyclotis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Gambia

Most Affected Animal: West African Manatee

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Unknown but declining throughout range

Projected Population: Critically endangered in region

Citation: Keith Diagne, L. (2015). Trichechus senegalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Georgia

Most Affected Animal: Caucasian Tur

Why: Habitat loss and human disturbance

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in Caucasus (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to climate and human pressure

Citation: Weinberg, P. (2020). Capra caucasica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Germany

Most Affected Animal: European Hamster

Why: Agricultural intensification and habitat loss

Population Before: Common agricultural pest (1950)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Banaszek, A. et al. (2020). Cricetus cricetus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Ghana

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Deforestation and human-wildlife conflict

Population Before: Approximately 1,200 in Ghana (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 200 by 2030

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta africana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Greece

Most Affected Animal: Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Why: Beach development and climate change affecting nesting

Population Before: Important nesting sites in Mediterranean

Projected Population: Nesting success declining

Citation: Casale, P. (2015). Caretta caretta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Grenada

Most Affected Animal: Grenada Dove

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Approximately 180 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Leptotila wellsi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guatemala

Most Affected Animal: Resplendent Quetzal

Why: Cloud forest habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 50,000 in Central America (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to habitat fragmentation

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Pharomachrus mocinno. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guinea

Most Affected Animal: Western Chimpanzee

Why: Deforestation and mining activities

Population Before: Approximately 21,000 in Guinea (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 80% in 25 years

Citation: Humle, T. et al. (2016). Pan troglodytes ssp. verus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guinea-Bissau

Most Affected Animal: African Manatee

Why: Coastal development and bycatch

Population Before: Unknown but declining throughout range

Projected Population: Critically endangered in region

Citation: Keith Diagne, L. (2015). Trichechus senegalensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guyana

Most Affected Animal: Giant Otter

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in South America (1990)

Projected Population: Endangered throughout range

Citation: Groenendijk, J. et al. (2021). Pteronura brasiliensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Haiti

Most Affected Animal: Hispaniolan Solenodon

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Already rare, exact numbers unknown

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: Turvey, S.T. & Incháustegui, S. (2018). Solenodon paradoxus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Honduras

Most Affected Animal: Scarlet Macaw

Why: Deforestation and illegal pet trade

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in Central America (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 500 by 2030

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Ara macao. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Hungary

Most Affected Animal: European Ground Squirrel

Why: Agricultural intensification and habitat loss

Population Before: Common in grasslands (1950)

Projected Population: Declined by 90% in last 50 years

Citation: Coroiu, C. et al. (2016). Spermophilus citellus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Iceland

Most Affected Animal: Atlantic Puffin

Why: Changing fish stocks and sea temperatures

Population Before: Approximately 8-10 million pairs (1990)

Projected Population: Declining in southern parts of range

Citation: BirdLife International. (2018). Fratercula arctica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

India

Most Affected Animal: Bengal Tiger

Why: Habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict

Population Before: Approximately 40,000 (1900)

Projected Population: Around 3,000 currently, vulnerable to climate impacts

Citation: Goodrich, J. et al. (2015). Panthera tigris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Indonesia

Most Affected Animal: Orangutan

Why: Deforestation for palm oil plantations

Population Before: Approximately 230,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 100,000 by 2030

Citation: Ancrenaz, M. et al. (2016). Pongo pygmaeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Iran

Most Affected Animal: Asiatic Cheetah

Why: Habitat loss and prey depletion

Population Before: Approximately 200 in Iran (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 50, critically endangered

Citation: Jowkar, H. et al. (2017). Acinonyx jubatus venaticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Guyana

Most Affected Animal: Giant Otter

Why: River pollution and habitat destruction

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in South America (1990)

Projected Population: Endangered throughout range

Citation: Groenendijk, J. et al. (2021). Pteronura brasiliensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Iraq

Most Affected Animal: Mesopotamian Marshes species

Why: Water scarcity and marshland drainage

Population Before: Rich biodiversity in marshes (1970)

Projected Population: Many species locally extinct

Citation: Richardson, C.J. & Hussain, N.A. (2006). Restoring the Garden of Eden: An Ecological Assessment of the Marshes of Iraq. BioScience.

Ireland

Most Affected Animal: Irish Hare

Why: Habitat loss and agricultural changes

Population Before: Widespread throughout Ireland (1950)

Projected Population: Declining due to habitat changes

Citation: Reid, N. et al. (2007). Distribution and status of the Irish hare in Northern Ireland. Wildlife Research.

Israel

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Leopard

Why: Habitat fragmentation and human development

Population Before: Approximately 200 in region (1950)

Projected Population: Possibly extinct in Israel, few in neighboring countries

Citation: Stein, A.B. et al. (2020). Panthera pardus nimr. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Italy

Most Affected Animal: Marsican Brown Bear

Why: Habitat fragmentation and human conflict

Population Before: Approximately 100 in Apennines (1990)

Projected Population: Around 50, critically endangered

Citation: Ciucci, P. et al. (2017). Ursus arctos marsicanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Jamaica

Most Affected Animal: Jamaican Iguana

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Thought extinct until 1990 rediscovery

Projected Population: Less than 200, critically endangered

Citation: Wilson, B.S. & Vogel, P. (2000). A survey of the Jamaican iguana and other reptiles. Animal Conservation.

Japan

Most Affected Animal: Japanese Macaque (Snow Monkey)

Why: Reduced snow cover affecting habitat

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Southern populations declining

Citation: Watanabe, K. & Muroyama, Y. (2005). Recent expansion of the range of Japanese macaques. Primates.

Jordan

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Oryx

Why: Desertification and habitat loss

Population Before: Extinct in wild by 1970s, reintroduced

Projected Population: Small reintroduced populations vulnerable

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Oryx leucoryx. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Kazakhstan

Most Affected Animal: Saiga Antelope

Why: Disease outbreaks linked to climate change

Population Before: Over 1 million (1990)

Projected Population: Approximately 50,000 after massive die-offs

Citation: Milner-Gulland, E.J. et al. (2001). Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations. Oryx.

Kenya

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Approximately 167,000 in Kenya (1970)

Projected Population: Around 35,000 currently, vulnerable to climate

Citation: Thouless, C.R. et al. (2016). African elephant status report 2016. IUCN.

Kiribati

Most Affected Animal: Various seabird species

Why: Sea level rise inundating nesting islands

Population Before: Important nesting colonies for many species

Projected Population: Many islands becoming uninhabitable for nesting

Citation: Hatfield, J.S. et al. (2012). Population dynamics of seabirds in the Pacific Islands. Pacific Science.

Kuwait

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Gazelle

Why: Desertification and habitat loss

Population Before: Common in Arabian Peninsula (1950)

Projected Population: Severely reduced, mostly in protected areas

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Gazella arabica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Kyrgyzstan

Most Affected Animal: Snow Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 300-400 in Kyrgyzstan (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to multiple threats

Citation: McCarthy, T. et al. (2017). Panthera uncia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Laos

Most Affected Animal: Asian Elephant

Why: Habitat loss and human-elephant conflict

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Laos (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400 by 2030

Citation: Choudhury, A. et al. (2008). Elephas maximus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Latvia

Most Affected Animal: European Beaver

Why: Changing water levels and habitat quality

Population Before: Nearly extinct, successfully reintroduced

Projected Population: Currently stable but vulnerable to climate changes

Citation: Batbold, J. et al. (2016). Castor fiber. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Lebanon

Most Affected Animal: Lebanese Viper

Why: Habitat destruction and climate change

Population Before: Endemic species with limited range

Projected Population: Critically endangered due to habitat loss

Citation: Hraoui-Bloquet, S. et al. (2009). Montivipera bornmuelleri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Lesotho

Most Affected Animal: Bearded Vulture

Why: Poisoning and habitat disturbance

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Southern Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Declining throughout range

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Gypaetus barbatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Liberia

Most Affected Animal: Western Chimpanzee

Why: Deforestation and mining activities

Population Before: Approximately 35,000 in Liberia (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 50% in 20 years

Citation: Kühl, H.S. et al. (2017). The abundance of chimpanzees in Liberia. Conservation Biology.

Libya

Most Affected Animal: Saharan Cheetah

Why: Desertification and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 250 in Sahara (2000)

Projected Population: Less than 50 by 2030

Citation: Belbachir, F. et al. (2015). Acinonyx jubatus hecki. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Liechtenstein

Most Affected Animal: Alpine Ibex

Why: Climate change affecting alpine habitats

Population Before: Reintroduced successfully in Alps

Projected Population: Stable but vulnerable to warming

Citation: Aulagnier, S. et al. (2020). Capra ibex. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Lithuania

Most Affected Animal: European Bison

Why: Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance

Population Before: Reintroduced, small population

Projected Population: Small but increasing slowly

Citation: Plumb, G. et al. (2020). Bison bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Madagascar

Most Affected Animal: Lemurs (various species)

Why: Deforestation and habitat fragmentation

Population Before: Over 100 species, many endemic

Projected Population: 90% of species threatened with extinction

Citation: Schwitzer, C. et al. (2014). Lemurs of Madagascar: A Strategy for Their Conservation 2013-2016. IUCN.

Malawi

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 4,000 in Malawi (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 1,000 by 2030

Citation: Jachmann, H. (2008). Monitoring law-enforcement performance in nine protected areas in Ghana. Biological Conservation.

Malaysia

Most Affected Animal: Orangutan

Why: Deforestation for palm oil plantations

Population Before: Approximately 104,700 in Borneo (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 55,000 by 2030

Citation: Ancrenaz, M. et al. (2016). Pongo pygmaeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Maldives

Most Affected Animal: Coral reef species

Why: Coral bleaching due to warming seas

Population Before: Rich coral biodiversity (1990)

Projected Population: 60-90% coral loss by 2050

Citation: Hughes, T.P. et al. (2018). Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science.

Mali

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Desertification and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 550 in Mali (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: Bouché, P. et al. (2011). Will elephants soon disappear from West African Savannahs? PLOS ONE.

Malta

Most Affected Animal: Maltese Freshwater Crab

Why: Water pollution and habitat loss

Population Before: Endemic species, limited range

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: Deidun, A. et al. (2018). Potamon fluviatile. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Marshall Islands

Most Affected Animal: Various seabird species

Why: Sea level rise inundating nesting islands

Population Before: Important nesting colonies

Projected Population: Many islands becoming uninhabitable

Citation: Hatfield, J.S. et al. (2012). Population dynamics of seabirds in the Pacific Islands. Pacific Science.

Mauritania

Most Affected Animal: Mediterranean Monk Seal

Why: Coastal development and disturbance

Population Before: Approximately 500 in West Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 200 by 2030

Citation: Karamanlidis, A.A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). Monachus monachus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Mauritius

Most Affected Animal: Mauritius Kestrel

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: 4 individuals in 1974 (nearly extinct)

Projected Population: Recovered to 400 but vulnerable

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Falco punctatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Mexico

Most Affected Animal: Mexican Wolf

Why: Habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict

Population Before: Nearly extinct in wild (1970)

Projected Population: Reintroduced, around 200 individuals

Citation: Mech, L.D. & Boitani, L. (2010). Canis lupus baileyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Micronesia

Most Affected Animal: Micronesian Kingfisher

Why: Deforestation and invasive species

Population Before: Endemic to Guam, extinct in wild

Projected Population: Captive breeding only

Citation: BirdLife International. (2016). Todiramphus cinnamominus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Moldova

Most Affected Animal: European Hamster

Why: Agricultural intensification

Population Before: Common in agricultural areas (1950)

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: Banaszek, A. et al. (2020). Cricetus cricetus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Monaco

Most Affected Animal: Mediterranean Monk Seal

Why: Coastal development and pollution

Population Before: Once common in Mediterranean

Projected Population: Critically endangered, less than 700

Citation: Karamanlidis, A.A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). Monachus monachus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Mongolia

Most Affected Animal: Snow Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 1,000 in Mongolia (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 20% by 2040

Citation: McCarthy, T. et al. (2017). Panthera uncia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Montenegro

Most Affected Animal: Balkan Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and prey reduction

Population Before: Approximately 20-40 in Balkans (2000)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Melovski, D. et al. (2018). Distribution and Conservation Status of the Balkan Lynx in the Balkans. CATnews.

Morocco

Most Affected Animal: Barbary Macaque

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 in Morocco (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 50% in 30 years

Citation: Butynski, T.M. et al. (2008). Macaca sylvanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Mozambique

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 20,000 in Mozambique (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 10,000 by 2030

Citation: Chase, M.J. et al. (2016). Continent-wide Survey Reveals Massive Decline in African Savannah Elephants. PeerJ.

Myanmar

Most Affected Animal: Asian Elephant

Why: Deforestation and human-elephant conflict

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 in Myanmar (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 2,000 by 2030

Citation: Williams, C. et al. (2020). Elephas maximus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Namibia

Most Affected Animal: Black Rhinoceros

Why: Poaching and climate change affecting habitat

Population Before: Approximately 65,000 in Africa (1970)

Projected Population: Around 5,600 currently, still threatened

Citation: Emslie, R.H. (2020). Diceros bicornis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Nauru

Most Affected Animal: Seabird colonies

Why: Habitat degradation and invasive species

Population Before: Important nesting site historically

Projected Population: Severely reduced due to mining

Citation: Hatfield, J.S. et al. (2012). Population dynamics of seabirds in the Pacific Islands. Pacific Science.

Nepal

Most Affected Animal: Bengal Tiger

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 120 in Nepal (1990)

Projected Population: Increased to 235 but vulnerable

Citation: Goodrich, J. et al. (2015). Panthera tigris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Netherlands

Most Affected Animal: European Eel

Why: Migration barriers and pollution

Population Before: Millions historically in European rivers

Projected Population: Declined by 90% since 1980

Citation: Jacoby, D. & Gollock, M. (2014). Anguilla anguilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

New Zealand

Most Affected Animal: Kiwi

Why: Predation by invasive species and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 12 million (1900)

Projected Population: Around 68,000, declining 2% annually

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Apteryx mantelli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Nicaragua

Most Affected Animal: Jaguar

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 2,000 in Central America (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 500 by 2030

Citation: Quigley, H. et al. (2017). Panthera onca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Niger

Most Affected Animal: Addax

Why: Desertification and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in Sahara (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 100, critically endangered

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2016). Addax nasomaculatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Nigeria

Most Affected Animal: Cross River Gorilla

Why: Deforestation and human encroachment

Population Before: Approximately 300 (2000)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: Oates, J.F. et al. (2016). Gorilla gorilla ssp. diehli. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

North Korea

Most Affected Animal: Amur Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 40 in Korean Peninsula (1990)

Projected Population: Possibly extinct in North Korea

Citation: Stein, A.B. et al. (2020). Panthera pardus orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

North Macedonia

Most Affected Animal: Balkan Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and prey reduction

Population Before: Approximately 20-40 in Balkans (2000)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, near extinction

Citation: Melovski, D. et al. (2018). Distribution and Conservation Status of the Balkan Lynx in the Balkans. CATnews.

Norway

Most Affected Animal: Polar Bear

Why: Arctic ice melt reducing hunting grounds

Population Before: Approximately 3,000 in Barents Sea (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 30% by 2050

Citation: Wiig, Ø. et al. (2015). Ursus maritimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Oman

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Oryx

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Extinct in wild by 1972, reintroduced

Projected Population: Reintroduced populations vulnerable

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Oryx leucoryx. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Pakistan

Most Affected Animal: Snow Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 200-420 in Pakistan (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to multiple threats

Citation: McCarthy, T. et al. (2017). Panthera uncia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Palau

Most Affected Animal: Palau Flying Fox

Why: Deforestation and typhoons

Population Before: Endemic species, limited population

Projected Population: Vulnerable to habitat loss

Citation: Wiles, G. & Brooke, A. (2020). Pteropus pelewensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Panama

Most Affected Animal: Harpy Eagle

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Widespread in Central America (1950)

Projected Population: Declining due to deforestation

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Harpia harpyja. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Papua New Guinea

Most Affected Animal: Tree Kangaroo

Why: Deforestation and hunting

Population Before: Several species endemic to PNG

Projected Population: Many species endangered

Citation: Leary, T. et al. (2016). Dendrolagus goodfellowi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Paraguay

Most Affected Animal: Jaguar

Why: Deforestation for agriculture

Population Before: Widespread in Paraguay (1950)

Projected Population: Severely reduced, only in protected areas

Citation: Quigley, H. et al. (2017). Panthera onca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Peru

Most Affected Animal: Andean Condor

Why: Habitat loss and poisoning

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 in Andes (1990)

Projected Population: Declining in many areas

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Vultur gryphus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Philippines

Most Affected Animal: Philippine Eagle

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 500 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400, critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Pithecophaga jefferyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Poland

Most Affected Animal: European Bison

Why: Habitat fragmentation and disease

Population Before: Nearly extinct, successfully reintroduced

Projected Population: Around 2,300 in Poland, stable

Citation: Plumb, G. et al. (2020). Bison bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Portugal

Most Affected Animal: Iberian Lynx

Why: Habitat loss and prey depletion

Population Before: Approximately 100 in Portugal (1990)

Projected Population: Recovered to 1,000+ in Iberian Peninsula

Citation: Rodríguez, A. & Calzada, J. (2015). Lynx pardinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Qatar

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Gazelle

Why: Habitat loss and desertification

Population Before: Common in Arabian Peninsula (1950)

Projected Population: Mostly in protected areas

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Gazella arabica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Romania

Most Affected Animal: European Brown Bear

Why: Habitat fragmentation and human conflict

Population Before: Approximately 6,000 in Romania (1990)

Projected Population: Largest population in Europe, but threatened

Citation: McLellan, B.N. et al. (2017). Ursus arctos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Russia

Most Affected Animal: Siberian Tiger (Amur Tiger)

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 40 in 1940s (near extinction)

Projected Population: Recovered to 500+, but vulnerable

Citation: Goodrich, J. et al. (2015). Panthera tigris altaica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Rwanda

Most Affected Animal: Mountain Gorilla

Why: Habitat loss and human encroachment

Population Before: Approximately 250 in Virunga (1980)

Projected Population: Increased to 1,000 but still endangered

Citation: Hickey, J.R. et al. (2019). Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Protected Area Mountain Gorillas. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Most Affected Animal: St. Kitts Bullfinch

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Endemic to St. Kitts

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Melopyrrha portoricensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Saint Lucia

Most Affected Animal: St. Lucia Parrot

Why: Deforestation and illegal pet trade

Population Before: Approximately 100 (1970)

Projected Population: Recovered to 1,500 but vulnerable

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Amazona versicolor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Most Affected Animal: St. Vincent Parrot

Why: Deforestation and hurricanes

Population Before: Approximately 450 (1990)

Projected Population: Around 800, but habitat threatened

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Amazona guildingii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Samoa

Most Affected Animal: Tooth-billed Pigeon

Why: Deforestation and hunting

Population Before: Approximately 7,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 250, critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Didunculus strigirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

San Marino

Most Affected Animal: European Polecat

Why: Habitat loss and road mortality

Population Before: Common in rural areas (1950)

Projected Population: Declining due to habitat changes

Citation: McDonald, R.A. et al. (2016). Mustela putorius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Sao Tome and Principe

Most Affected Animal: Sao Tome Grosbeak

Why: Deforestation and habitat loss

Population Before: Endemic species, limited range

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Neospiza concolor. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Saudi Arabia

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and prey depletion

Population Before: Approximately 200 in Arabian Peninsula (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 50, critically endangered

Citation: Stein, A.B. et al. (2020). Panthera pardus nimr. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Senegal

Most Affected Animal: West African Lion

Why: Habitat loss and human conflict

Population Before: Approximately 1,200 in West Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400, critically endangered

Citation: Bauer, H. et al. (2016). Panthera leo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Serbia

Most Affected Animal: European Ground Squirrel

Why: Agricultural intensification and habitat loss

Population Before: Common in grasslands (1950)

Projected Population: Declined by 90% in last 50 years

Citation: Coroiu, C. et al. (2016). Spermophilus citellus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Seychelles

Most Affected Animal: Seychelles Black Parrot

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Approximately 500 (1990)

Projected Population: Around 900, but habitat threatened

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Coracopsis nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Sierra Leone

Most Affected Animal: Western Chimpanzee

Why: Deforestation and mining

Population Before: Approximately 5,500 in Sierra Leone (1990)

Projected Population: Declined by 80% in 25 years

Citation: Kühl, H.S. et al. (2017). The abundance of chimpanzees in West Africa. Conservation Biology.

Singapore

Most Affected Animal: Sunda Pangolin

Why: Habitat loss and illegal trade

Population Before: Common in Southeast Asia (1950)

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: Challender, D. et al. (2019). Manis javanica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Slovakia

Most Affected Animal: European Brown Bear

Why: Habitat fragmentation and human conflict

Population Before: Approximately 1,000 in Slovakia (1990)

Projected Population: Stable but vulnerable to habitat loss

Citation: McLellan, B.N. et al. (2017). Ursus arctos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Slovenia

Most Affected Animal: European Lynx

Why: Habitat fragmentation and road mortality

Population Before: Reintroduced in 1970s

Projected Population: Small population, vulnerable

Citation: Kaczensky, P. et al. (2013). Status, Management and Distribution of Large Carnivores in Europe. European Commission.

Solomon Islands

Most Affected Animal: Solomon Islands Skink

Why: Deforestation and pet trade

Population Before: Endemic species, limited range

Projected Population: Vulnerable to habitat loss

Citation: Harlow, P. et al. (2012). Corucia zebrata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Somalia

Most Affected Animal: Somali Wild Ass

Why: Habitat loss and civil unrest

Population Before: Approximately 6,000 in Horn of Africa (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 1,000, critically endangered

Citation: Moehlman, P.D. et al. (2015). Equus africanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

South Africa

Most Affected Animal: African Penguin

Why: Changing fish stocks and oil spills

Population Before: Approximately 1.5 million (1900)

Projected Population: Less than 20,000, endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Spheniscus demersus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

South Korea

Most Affected Animal: Asiatic Black Bear

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 50 in South Korea (1990)

Projected Population: Reintroduced, small population

Citation: Garshelis, D. & Steinmetz, R. (2020). Ursus thibetanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

South Sudan

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and civil conflict

Population Before: Approximately 130,000 in Sudan region (1970)

Projected Population: Severely reduced, exact numbers unknown

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta africana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Spain

Most Affected Animal: Iberian Lynx

Why: Habitat loss and prey depletion

Population Before: Approximately 100 (2002)

Projected Population: Recovered to 1,000+, success story

Citation: Rodríguez, A. & Calzada, J. (2015). Lynx pardinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Sri Lanka

Most Affected Animal: Sri Lankan Elephant

Why: Habitat loss and human-elephant conflict

Population Before: Approximately 12,000 (1900)

Projected Population: Around 6,000, endangered

Citation: Choudhury, A. et al. (2008). Elephas maximus maximus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Sudan

Most Affected Animal: Nubian Ibex

Why: Desertification and hunting

Population Before: Common in rocky hills (1950)

Projected Population: Declining due to habitat loss

Citation: Ross, S. et al. (2020). Capra nubiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Suriname

Most Affected Animal: Giant Otter

Why: River pollution and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 5,000 in South America (1990)

Projected Population: Endangered throughout range

Citation: Groenendijk, J. et al. (2021). Pteronura brasiliensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Sweden

Most Affected Animal: Arctic Fox

Why: Climate change affecting prey availability

Population Before: Approximately 200 in Sweden (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered in Sweden

Citation: Angerbjörn, A. et al. (2008). Vulpes lagopus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Switzerland

Most Affected Animal: Alpine Ibex

Why: Climate change affecting alpine habitats

Population Before: Reintroduced successfully in Alps

Projected Population: Stable but vulnerable to warming

Citation: Aulagnier, S. et al. (2020). Capra ibex. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Syria

Most Affected Animal: Syrian Brown Bear

Why: Habitat loss and civil conflict

Population Before: Approximately 150 in Syria (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered, possibly extinct

Citation: McLellan, B.N. et al. (2017). Ursus arctos syriacus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Taiwan

Most Affected Animal: Formosan Black Bear

Why: Deforestation and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 200-600 (1990)

Projected Population: Endangered, less than 500

Citation: Garshelis, D. & Steinmetz, R. (2020). Ursus thibetanus formosanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Tajikistan

Most Affected Animal: Marco Polo Sheep

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 10,000 in Pamirs (1990)

Projected Population: Declining due to hunting pressure

Citation: Michel, S. & Muratov, R. (2020). Ovis ammon polii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Tanzania

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 110,000 in Tanzania (2009)

Projected Population: Declined by 60% in 5 years

Citation: Gobush, K.S. et al. (2021). Loxodonta africana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Thailand

Most Affected Animal: Asian Elephant

Why: Habitat loss and human-elephant conflict

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 (1900)

Projected Population: Around 3,000, endangered

Citation: Williams, C. et al. (2020). Elephas maximus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Timor-Leste

Most Affected Animal: Timor Deer

Why: Habitat loss and hunting

Population Before: Endemic to Timor, limited range

Projected Population: Vulnerable to habitat changes

Citation: Hedges, S. et al. (2015). Rusa timorensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Togo

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 1,200 in Togo (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 100 by 2030

Citation: Bouché, P. et al. (2011). Will elephants soon disappear from West African Savannahs? PLOS ONE.

Tonga

Most Affected Animal: Tongan Megapode

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Endemic to Tonga, limited range

Projected Population: Vulnerable to habitat changes

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Megapodius pritchardii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Trinidad and Tobago

Most Affected Animal: Trinidad Piping Guan

Why: Deforestation and hunting

Population Before: Approximately 200 (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Pipile pipile. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Tunisia

Most Affected Animal: Addax

Why: Desertification and hunting

Population Before: Extinct in Tunisia, reintroduced

Projected Population: Small reintroduced population

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2016). Addax nasomaculatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Turkey

Most Affected Animal: Anatolian Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 15 in Turkey (1990)

Projected Population: Possibly extinct in Turkey

Citation: Stein, A.B. et al. (2020). Panthera pardus tulliana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Turkmenistan

Most Affected Animal: Goitered Gazelle

Why: Desertification and hunting

Population Before: Common in Central Asia (1950)

Projected Population: Declining due to habitat loss

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Gazella subgutturosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Tuvalu

Most Affected Animal: Seabird colonies

Why: Sea level rise inundating nesting islands

Population Before: Important nesting sites

Projected Population: Many islands becoming uninhabitable

Citation: Hatfield, J.S. et al. (2012). Population dynamics of seabirds in the Pacific Islands. Pacific Science.

Uganda

Most Affected Animal: Mountain Gorilla

Why: Habitat loss and human encroachment

Population Before: Approximately 400 in Bwindi (1990)

Projected Population: Increased to 1,000 but still endangered

Citation: Hickey, J.R. et al. (2019). Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Protected Area Mountain Gorillas. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Ukraine

Most Affected Animal: European Bison

Why: Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance

Population Before: Reintroduced, small population

Projected Population: Small but increasing slowly

Citation: Plumb, G. et al. (2020). Bison bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

United Arab Emirates

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Oryx

Why: Habitat loss and historical overhunting

Population Before: Extinct in wild by 1972, reintroduced

Projected Population: Successful reintroduction, around 1,000

Citation: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2017). Oryx leucoryx. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

United Kingdom

Most Affected Animal: Scottish Wildcat

Why: Habitat loss and hybridization with domestic cats

Population Before: Widespread in Britain (1800)

Projected Population: Less than 100, functionally extinct

Citation: Yamaguchi, N. et al. (2015). Felis silvestris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

United States

Most Affected Animal: Polar Bear

Why: Arctic ice melt reducing hunting grounds

Population Before: Approximately 25,000 worldwide (1990)

Projected Population: Could decline by 30% by 2050

Citation: Wiig, Ø. et al. (2015). Ursus maritimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Uruguay

Most Affected Animal: Pampas Deer

Why: Habitat loss to agriculture

Population Before: Common in pampas grasslands (1900)

Projected Population: Endangered, severely reduced

Citation: González, S. & Merino, M.L. (2017). Ozotoceros bezoarticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Uzbekistan

Most Affected Animal: Bukhara Deer

Why: Habitat loss and poaching

Population Before: Approximately 900 in Central Asia (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 400, endangered

Citation: Brook, S.M. et al. (2017). Cervus hanglu bactrianus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Vanuatu

Most Affected Animal: Vanuatu Megapode

Why: Habitat loss and invasive species

Population Before: Endemic to Vanuatu, limited range

Projected Population: Vulnerable to habitat changes

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Megapodius layardi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Vatican City

Most Affected Animal: Common Swift

Why: Urbanization reducing nesting sites

Population Before: Common in European cities (1950)

Projected Population: Declining in urban areas

Citation: BirdLife International. (2020). Apus apus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Venezuela

Most Affected Animal: Orinoco Crocodile

Why: Habitat loss and hunting

Population Before: Approximately 1,000-2,000 (1990)

Projected Population: Critically endangered

Citation: Balaguera-Reina, S.A. et al. (2018). Crocodylus intermedius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Vietnam

Most Affected Animal: Saola (Asian Unicorn)

Why: Deforestation and hunting

Population Before: Discovered in 1992, already rare

Projected Population: Possibly fewer than 100, critically endangered

Citation: Timmins, R.J. et al. (2016). Pseudoryx nghetinhensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Yemen

Most Affected Animal: Arabian Leopard

Why: Habitat loss and civil conflict

Population Before: Approximately 200 in Arabian Peninsula (1990)

Projected Population: Less than 50, critically endangered

Citation: Stein, A.B. et al. (2020). Panthera pardus nimr. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Zambia

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 160,000 in Zambia (1990)

Projected Population: Around 27,000, severely reduced

Citation: Chase, M.J. et al. (2016). Continent-wide Survey Reveals Massive Decline in African Savannah Elephants. PeerJ.

Zimbabwe

Most Affected Animal: African Elephant

Why: Poaching and habitat loss

Population Before: Approximately 100,000 in Zimbabwe (1990)

Projected Population: Around 45,000, still threatened

Citation: Chase, M.J. et al. (2016). Continent-wide Survey Reveals Massive Decline in African Savannah Elephants. PeerJ.